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GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1)

GLP-1 is a hormone that your gut releases after you eat. It helps the body handle sugar from food, and it also slows the stomach and lowers appetite. Many modern diabetes and weight medicines copy what GLP-1 does.

For experts

GLP-1 is secreted by enteroendocrine L cells of the lower gut in response to nutrients. It augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying and reduces food intake through the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R). Native GLP-1 is rapidly broken down by the enzyme DPP-4, so therapeutic analogues are modified to resist it (semaglutide, for example, is stabilised against DPP-4 degradation).

Sources (4)

  1. 01Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Application of Glucagon-like Peptide-1Cell Metabolism (indexed in PubMed, NCBI/NLM) · 2018-04-03 · accessed 2026-09-29
  2. 02Incretin hormones: Their role in health and diseaseDiabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (indexed in PubMed, NCBI/NLM) · 2018-02 · accessed 2026-09-29
  3. 03OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, solution - FDA-approved prescribing informationU.S. National Library of Medicine, DailyMed · 2026-06-10 · accessed 2026-09-29
  4. 04Effects of GLP-1 and incretin-based therapies on gastrointestinal motor functionExperimental Diabetes Research (indexed in PubMed, NCBI/NLM) · 2011 · accessed 2026-09-29