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G protein

A G protein is a tiny molecular switch inside a cell, just under the surface. When a receptor is switched on from outside, it flips the G protein, which passes the message along inside the cell. Its discovery won a Nobel Prize in 1994.

For experts

G proteins are GTP-binding proteins that couple activated cell-surface receptors to intracellular effectors; Gilman and Rodbell received the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery. The GLP-1 receptor signals primarily through the stimulatory G protein Gs, and a cryo-EM structure of the peptide-activated GLP-1R-Gs complex has been published.

Sources (2)

  1. 01The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 - Press release (G-proteins)Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute / NobelPrize.org · 1994-10-10 · accessed 2026-09-29
  2. 02Cryo-EM structure of the activated GLP-1 receptor in complex with a G proteinNature (indexed in PubMed, NCBI/NLM) · 2017-06-08 · accessed 2026-09-29