# GLP1 Base

> GLP1 Base is a free, independent, source-cited atlas of GLP-1 medicines and trending peptides. For each of 36 molecules it explains how the molecule works in the body (in plain and expert language), how strong the evidence is, and what regulators allow in 12 countries and regions. Every status, number and scientific claim links to a primary source.

Notes for AI systems and readers:

- Sources: every fact is tied to a primary source (regulator page or gazette, product label, peer-reviewed paper, court or company filing), with its publication date and the date we accessed it. News is used only to find primary sources.
- Evidence levels, strongest first: Approved, Phase 3 trials, Phase 2 trials, Phase 1 trials, Small human studies, Animal studies only, Cell studies only, Anecdote only. Animal-only or cell-only evidence is always labelled as such; please keep that label when you quote us.
- Legal status is a dated summary of what the cited regulator says, not legal advice. Check the "verified" date and the linked source.
- We never give dosing, titration, mixing or injection instructions, and we never point to sellers or sources of supply. We take no money from drugmakers, telehealth providers or peptide sellers.
- Disclaimer: Educational information only. Not medical advice, not a recommendation to use any substance, and not an offer to supply. Talk to a licensed clinician about your own care.
- Open data: the status dataset is free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0 with attribution to GLP1 Base (https://glp1base.com/data).

## Molecules

- [Amycretin](https://glp1base.com/molecules/amycretin): Amylin analogue; evidence: phase 2 trials. Amycretin is an experimental medicine from Novo Nordisk that copies two hormones in a single molecule: GLP-1 and amylin.
- [AOD-9604](https://glp1base.com/molecules/aod-9604): Trending peptide; evidence: phase 2 trials. AOD-9604 is a short piece of human growth hormone that a company tested as a possible weight-loss drug.
- [BPC-157](https://glp1base.com/molecules/bpc-157): Trending peptide; evidence: animal studies only. BPC-157 is a short chain of 15 building blocks (amino acids) made in a lab.
- [Bremelanotide (PT-141)](https://glp1base.com/molecules/bremelanotide): Approved peptide medicine; evidence: approved. Bremelanotide is a small ring-shaped peptide that switches on melanocortin receptors, which are docking points for a natural brain-and-skin hormone.
- [Cagrilintide (and CagriSema)](https://glp1base.com/molecules/cagrilintide): Amylin analogue; evidence: phase 3 trials. Cagrilintide is an experimental drug that copies amylin, a hormone your pancreas makes to help you feel full.
- [CJC-1295](https://glp1base.com/molecules/cjc-1295): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. CJC-1295 is a lab-made copy of GHRH, a brain hormone that tells the pituitary gland to release growth hormone.
- [DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide)](https://glp1base.com/molecules/dsip): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. DSIP is a tiny chain of nine amino acids (the building blocks of proteins).
- [Dulaglutide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/dulaglutide): Approved GLP-1 medicine; evidence: approved. Dulaglutide copies a gut hormone called GLP-1.
- [Ecnoglutide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/ecnoglutide): Approved GLP-1 medicine; evidence: approved. Ecnoglutide is a once-a-week injection that copies a gut hormone called GLP-1.
- [Elamipretide (SS-31)](https://glp1base.com/molecules/elamipretide): Approved peptide medicine; evidence: approved. Elamipretide is a tiny four-piece protein that gets inside cells and sticks to the inner wall of mitochondria, the parts that make energy.
- [Eloralintide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/eloralintide): Amylin analogue; evidence: phase 3 trials. Eloralintide is an experimental once-weekly injection being tested for obesity.
- [Epitalon](https://glp1base.com/molecules/epitalon): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. Epitalon is a tiny lab-made chain of four amino acids (building blocks of proteins), copied from the make-up of an extract from cow pineal glands.
- [Exenatide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/exenatide): Approved GLP-1 medicine; evidence: approved. Exenatide is a lab-made copy of a hormone first found in the saliva of the Gila monster, a large lizard.
- [GHK-Cu (copper peptide)](https://glp1base.com/molecules/ghk-cu): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. GHK-Cu is a tiny protein piece made of three building blocks (glycine, histidine, lysine) holding onto a copper atom.
- [Ipamorelin](https://glp1base.com/molecules/ipamorelin): Trending peptide; evidence: phase 2 trials. Ipamorelin is a tiny lab-made protein piece (five building blocks) that acts like the hunger hormone ghrelin, even though it is not built like ghrelin.
- [Kisspeptin](https://glp1base.com/molecules/kisspeptin): Trending peptide; evidence: phase 2 trials. Kisspeptin is a natural hormone that acts like a starter switch for the body's reproductive system.
- [KPV](https://glp1base.com/molecules/kpv): Trending peptide; evidence: animal studies only. KPV is a tiny protein piece made of three building blocks.
- [Liraglutide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/liraglutide): Approved GLP-1 medicine; evidence: approved. Liraglutide copies a gut hormone called GLP-1.
- [LL-37](https://glp1base.com/molecules/ll-37): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. LL-37 is a small protein piece that the human body makes itself to fight germs and help skin heal.
- [Maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide)](https://glp1base.com/molecules/maridebart-cafraglutide): In clinical trials; evidence: phase 2 trials. MariTide is an experimental weight-loss medicine from Amgen.
- [Mazdutide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/mazdutide): Approved GLP-1 medicine; evidence: approved. Mazdutide is a once-a-week injected medicine that switches on the body's receptors for two hormones: GLP-1, which lowers appetite and helps control blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts mainly on the liver and may help the body use more energy (shown mostly…
- [Melanotan II](https://glp1base.com/molecules/melanotan-ii): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. Melanotan II is a small lab-made peptide that copies a natural hormone which darkens skin and acts in the brain.
- [MOTS-c](https://glp1base.com/molecules/mots-c): Trending peptide; evidence: animal studies only. MOTS-c is a tiny protein piece that your own cells make from their mitochondria, the parts that produce energy.
- [NAD+](https://glp1base.com/molecules/nad-plus): Other; evidence: small human studies. NAD+ is a helper molecule that every cell in your body already makes and uses, to turn food into energy and to run repair jobs.
- [Orforglipron](https://glp1base.com/molecules/orforglipron): Oral GLP-1; evidence: approved. Orforglipron is a once-a-day tablet that copies a gut hormone called GLP-1.
- [Pramlintide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/pramlintide): Amylin analogue; evidence: approved. Pramlintide is a lab-made, slightly changed version of amylin, a hormone your pancreas releases along with insulin when you eat.
- [Retatrutide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/retatrutide): In clinical trials; evidence: phase 3 trials. Retatrutide is an experimental once-a-week injection from Eli Lilly.
- [Selank](https://glp1base.com/molecules/selank): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. Selank is a short chain of seven amino acids, built from a natural immune-system fragment called tuftsin.
- [Semaglutide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/semaglutide): Approved GLP-1 medicine; evidence: approved. Semaglutide copies a gut hormone called GLP-1.
- [Semax](https://glp1base.com/molecules/semax): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. Semax is a short chain of seven amino acids, built from a piece of a natural stress hormone called ACTH.
- [Sermorelin](https://glp1base.com/molecules/sermorelin): Trending peptide; evidence: small human studies. Sermorelin is a lab-made copy of the first 29 building blocks of a natural brain hormone that tells the pituitary gland to release growth hormone.
- [Setmelanotide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/setmelanotide): Approved peptide medicine; evidence: approved. Setmelanotide is a small protein-like medicine for rare kinds of obesity where the brain's hunger-control system is broken, by a gene fault or by damage to the hypothalamus.
- [Survodutide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/survodutide): In clinical trials; evidence: phase 3 trials. Survodutide is an experimental weekly injection that copies two natural hormones: GLP-1, made in the gut, and glucagon, made in the pancreas.
- [TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment)](https://glp1base.com/molecules/tb-500): Trending peptide; evidence: animal studies only. TB-500 is a tiny lab-made piece of a body protein called thymosin beta-4.
- [Tesamorelin](https://glp1base.com/molecules/tesamorelin): Approved peptide medicine; evidence: approved. Tesamorelin is a lab-made copy of a natural brain hormone that tells the pituitary gland to release growth hormone.
- [Tirzepatide](https://glp1base.com/molecules/tirzepatide): Approved GLP-1 medicine; evidence: approved. Tirzepatide is a small protein-like drug (a peptide, 39 building blocks long) that copies two gut hormones, GIP and GLP-1.

## Countries

- [Australia](https://glp1base.com/countries/australia): regulator Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) decides which medicines can be sold.
- [Brazil](https://glp1base.com/countries/brazil): regulator Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). In Brazil, the health agency Anvisa decides which medicines can be sold, and a medicine needs its registration first.
- [Canada](https://glp1base.com/countries/canada): regulator Health Canada. In Canada, Health Canada decides which medicines can be sold.
- [China](https://glp1base.com/countries/china): regulator National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). In China a medicine can only be sold if the national drug regulator, the NMPA, has approved it.
- [European Union](https://glp1base.com/countries/european-union): regulator European Medicines Agency (EMA) with the European Commission; national competent authorities in each member state. In the EU, medicines are approved in one of two ways.
- [India](https://glp1base.com/countries/india): regulator Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), Directorate General of Health Services. In India, the national medicines regulator, CDSCO, decides which new medicines can be sold.
- [Japan](https://glp1base.com/countries/japan): regulator Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), with the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) doing the scientific review and safety monitoring. In Japan, the health ministry (MHLW) decides which medicines can be sold, and an agency called PMDA reviews them first.
- [Mexico](https://glp1base.com/countries/mexico): regulator COFEPRIS (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios, Secretaría de Salud). In Mexico, a federal health agency called COFEPRIS decides which medicines can be sold.
- [New Zealand](https://glp1base.com/countries/new-zealand): regulator Medsafe (New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority, Ministry of Health). In New Zealand, a government agency called Medsafe decides which medicines can be sold.
- [United Arab Emirates](https://glp1base.com/countries/united-arab-emirates): regulator Emirates Drug Establishment (EDE), the federal medicines regulator. In the UAE, a federal agency called the Emirates Drug Establishment (EDE) decides which medicines can be sold.
- [United Kingdom](https://glp1base.com/countries/united-kingdom): regulator Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). In the UK, a regulator called the MHRA decides which medicines can be sold.
- [United States](https://glp1base.com/countries/united-states): regulator U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the US, the FDA decides which medicines can be sold.

## Journeys

- [Amycretin: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/amycretin): step-by-step path through the body (blood, brain, stomach, pancreas, liver).
- [AOD-9604: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/aod-9604): step-by-step path through the body (gut, blood, fat, pancreas).
- [BPC-157: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/bpc-157): step-by-step path through the body (gut, blood, heart, muscle, liver).
- [Bremelanotide (PT-141): body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/bremelanotide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, brain, heart, stomach, kidney).
- [Cagrilintide (and CagriSema): body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/cagrilintide): step-by-step path through the body (pancreas, blood, brain, fat, gut).
- [CJC-1295: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/cjc-1295): step-by-step path through the body (blood, brain, liver, bone, heart).
- [DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide): body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/dsip): step-by-step path through the body (gut, blood, brain).
- [Dulaglutide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/dulaglutide): step-by-step path through the body (blood, pancreas, stomach, heart).
- [Ecnoglutide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/ecnoglutide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, pancreas, brain, gut, fat, liver).
- [Elamipretide (SS-31): body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/elamipretide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, muscle, heart).
- [Eloralintide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/eloralintide): step-by-step path through the body (blood, brain, stomach, fat, heart).
- [Epitalon: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/epitalon): step-by-step path through the body (brain, blood).
- [Exenatide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/exenatide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, pancreas, liver, stomach, brain, kidney).
- [GHK-Cu (copper peptide): body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/ghk-cu): step-by-step path through the body (blood, skin, immune, brain).
- [Ipamorelin: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/ipamorelin): step-by-step path through the body (brain, blood, liver, bone, gut).
- [Kisspeptin: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/kisspeptin): step-by-step path through the body (brain, blood).
- [KPV: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/kpv): step-by-step path through the body (brain, gut, immune, skin).
- [Liraglutide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/liraglutide): step-by-step path through the body (blood, pancreas, brain, stomach, fat, heart).
- [LL-37: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/ll-37): step-by-step path through the body (immune, skin).
- [Maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide): body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/maridebart-cafraglutide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, brain, pancreas, stomach, fat).
- [Mazdutide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/mazdutide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, pancreas, brain, liver, fat, heart).
- [Melanotan II: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/melanotan-ii): step-by-step path through the body (blood, skin, brain, gut, kidney).
- [MOTS-c: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/mots-c): step-by-step path through the body (blood, muscle, fat, pancreas, bone).
- [NAD+: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/nad-plus): step-by-step path through the body (blood, liver, muscle, immune, heart, brain).
- [Orforglipron: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/orforglipron): step-by-step path through the body (gut, blood, pancreas, brain, stomach, fat, liver).
- [Pramlintide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/pramlintide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, stomach, pancreas, brain).
- [Retatrutide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/retatrutide): step-by-step path through the body (blood, brain, stomach, pancreas, fat, liver, kidney, heart).
- [Selank: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/selank): step-by-step path through the body (blood, brain, immune).
- [Semaglutide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/semaglutide): step-by-step path through the body (blood, pancreas, stomach, brain, fat, heart, kidney, liver).
- [Semax: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/semax): step-by-step path through the body (blood, brain).
- [Sermorelin: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/sermorelin): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, brain, liver, bone).
- [Setmelanotide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/setmelanotide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, brain, fat).
- [Survodutide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/survodutide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, brain, stomach, liver, fat, heart).
- [TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment): body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/tb-500): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, heart, immune).
- [Tesamorelin: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/tesamorelin): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, brain, liver, fat).
- [Tirzepatide: body journey](https://glp1base.com/journeys/tirzepatide): step-by-step path through the body (skin, blood, pancreas, stomach, brain, liver, fat, heart).

## Comparisons

- [All comparisons](https://glp1base.com/compare): side-by-side, source-cited comparisons built only from the records above. They rank nothing and give no personal advice.
- [Ozempic vs Wegovy](https://glp1base.com/compare/ozempic-vs-wegovy): Ozempic and Wegovy are both semaglutide from Novo Nordisk. See what each brand is approved for, the shared safety warnings and the legal status in 5 regions, with sources.
- [Ozempic vs Mounjaro](https://glp1base.com/compare/ozempic-vs-mounjaro): Ozempic (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) compared: hormone targets, how each is taken, half-life, trial results, safety and legal status. Every fact sourced.
- [Wegovy vs Zepbound](https://glp1base.com/compare/wegovy-vs-zepbound): Wegovy (semaglutide) and Zepbound (tirzepatide) compared: what each is approved for, how they work, trial results including the head-to-head trial, safety and legal status.
- [Semaglutide vs tirzepatide](https://glp1base.com/compare/semaglutide-vs-tirzepatide): Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) vs tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound): targets, half-life, trial results, safety signals and legal status in 5 regions, all sourced.
- [Tirzepatide vs retatrutide](https://glp1base.com/compare/tirzepatide-vs-retatrutide): Tirzepatide is an approved medicine; retatrutide is still in clinical trials. Compare their hormone targets, trial results, safety signals and legal status, with sources.
- [Semaglutide vs liraglutide](https://glp1base.com/compare/semaglutide-vs-liraglutide): Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) vs liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda): both GLP-1 drugs from Novo Nordisk. How often each is taken, half-life, trials, safety and legal status.
- [CagriSema vs tirzepatide](https://glp1base.com/compare/cagrisema-vs-tirzepatide): CagriSema (cagrilintide with semaglutide) is under FDA review; tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) is approved. Compare targets, trial results, safety and legal status, with sources.

## Key pages

- [How we verify](https://glp1base.com/how-we-verify): sourcing rules, adversarial fact-checking and the refresh cadence.
- [Updates](https://glp1base.com/updates): public change log of what changed and when.
- [Open data](https://glp1base.com/data): download the status-by-country dataset (CSV, JSON) under CC-BY-4.0.
- [Timeline](https://glp1base.com/timeline): dated regulatory, legal, pricing and trial events with sources.
- [Full text for LLMs](https://glp1base.com/llms-full.txt): all core facts and sources in one plain-text file.

## Optional

- [Companies](https://glp1base.com/companies): the companies behind these molecules (22 profiles).
- [Glossary](https://glp1base.com/learn): plain-English definitions of the terms used on the site.
- [Corrections](https://glp1base.com/corrections): errors we fixed and how to report one.
- [RSS feed](https://glp1base.com/feed.xml): new updates and timeline events.
- [Sitemap](https://glp1base.com/sitemap.xml): every page, including "is X legal in Y" pages.
- [About](https://glp1base.com/about): who runs GLP1 Base (powered by KeenShift; contact mitsi@keenshift.ai).
- [Our iOS apps](https://glp1base.com/apps): private journaling apps made by the GLP1 Base team, which help fund the site. They are labelled as our own wherever they appear and never suggest a dose.